{"id":8333,"date":"2021-06-15T23:20:27","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T23:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/2021\/06\/15\/stress-causes-and-outcomes\/"},"modified":"2021-06-15T23:20:27","modified_gmt":"2021-06-15T23:20:27","slug":"stress-causes-and-outcomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/2021\/06\/15\/stress-causes-and-outcomes\/","title":{"rendered":"Stress Causes and Outcomes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What are the sources of stress and how to manage them for a purposeful impact?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What is stress?<\/p>\n<p>Simply put, Stress is the feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to cope with mental or emotional pressure. In the past few years there has been a staggering increase in number of stress related issues. stress results in \u201caccidents, absenteeism, employee turnover, diminished productivity, and direct medical, legal, and insurance costs\u201d that cost the United States $300 billion every year.<br \/>According to The American Institute of Stress: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>About 33 percent of people report feeling extreme stress<\/li>\n<li>77 percent of people experience stress that affects their physical health<\/li>\n<li>73 percent of people have stress that impacts their mental health<\/li>\n<li>48 percent of people have trouble sleeping because of stress<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stress can affect all aspects of\u00a0 life, including\u00a0 emotions, behaviors, thinking ability,\u00a0 physical health, professional achevements and personal\u00a0 relationships.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why do we care?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The first step in fixing any issue is to know the causes. The benefit of this analysis can be two folds.\u00a0On a personal level Identifying the triggers of stress can help improve lifestyle, emotional and mental health. It can direct towards making the necessary changes to manage and lower stress levels. From a business perspective, focusing on reducing stress can help with increased productivity, \u00a0energy levels, employee engagement indirectly impacting company\u2019s bottom-line. \u00a0\u00a0<br \/>There are several organizations that could benefit from stress management exercises by tailoring their marketing programs for a higher purpose and business outcomes. Fitness centers, wellness facilities, meditation and yoga camps, sports wearable companies, food catering and cafeterias.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Data<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For the analysis I choose the lifestyle and wellbeing data from Kaggle.com.\u00a0This dataset contains the survey responses from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.authentic-happiness.com\/\">www.Authentic-Happiness.com<\/a>.<br \/>There are 24 attributes describing how we live our lives and thrive \u00a0\u00a0both\u00a0 professionaly and personally: it reflects how well we shape our lifestyle, habits and behaviors to maximize\u00a0 overall life satisfaction along the following five dimensions:<\/p>\n<p>Healthy body, reflecting your fitness and healthy habits.\u00a0Healthy mind, indicating how well you embrace positive emotions;\u00a0Expertise, measuring the ability to grow your expertise and achieve something unique;\u00a0Connection, assessing the strength of your social network and your inclination to discover the world. Meaning, evaluating your compassion, generosity and how much &#8216;you are living the life of your dream&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Python libraries used<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pandas<\/li>\n<li><span>Matplotlib<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Seaborn<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Numpy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Exploratory Data Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For this dataset stress is measured on a scale of 0 to 5. Most of the variables are either binary or have fixed set of values. Based on the representation of values I calculated average stress to be the dependant variable. I then analyzed the impact of other variables on average stress levels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BMI, Fruits and veggie to average stress.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The BMI range in the data is categorized in two groups. Population with BMI Below 25 and above 25. Looking at the graph we can say that stress levels rise with the increase in bmi. People with BMI above 25 have 8.6% increase in average stress levels than people below 25.<\/p>\n<p>1 \u2013 BMI below 25 2 &#8211; BMI above 25<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74888 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/76d5a7fd-1670-4211-aa58-d24b8c5cdfcd-010787-V61NEi5s-1024x670.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"670\"><\/p>\n<p>8.6% increase in average stress<\/p>\n<p>As with our physical health, stress levels are also impacted by the intake of fruits and vegetable, and sure enough the graph reflects the same. People having 5 servings of fruits and veggies in a day experience 16.1 % decrease in average stress.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74889 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/275f310e-de99-4991-bf77-bbba602d98ca-388423-hWhcUx5E-1024x708.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"708\"><\/p>\n<p>16.1% decrease in average stress<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sleep hours and average stress<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We cannot undermine the importance of sleep for a better quality\u00a0 of life. Very obvious question that pops up looking at the graph is, is it possible for people sleeping just one hour a day to have lower stress levels? Looking into details I found that it comprises of a very small percentage of the survey population, 0.1 % to be precise. I found the number insignificant enough to exclude from the analysis. The resulting graph \u00a0makes much more sense. There is a decline in average stress with increase in sleep hours.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74891 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/d746556d-13c1-40a2-a3ea-bb69034b2c21-311734-k8q1oIGq-1024x700.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"700\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Social network, core circle and average stress<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to the survey question social network represents the number of interactions in a day .\u00a0 One may expect social networking to have a lowering \u00a0impact on stress levels. \u00a0but this was an interesting find. \u00a0\u00a0The responses range from a value of 1 to 10 in the data. Notice that having no interaction or meeting\u00a0 10 people may cause stress levels to rise comparatively. On the other hand having a higher number in \u00a0core circle which counts as number of people close to you can have a declining impact on average stress<\/p>\n<p><strong>Places visited and sufficient income<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The number of places visited in a year\u00a0 has\u00a0 positive impact on stress levels<\/p>\n<p>People who visit 10 places in a year experience 21.5 % less stress than people who don\u2019t visit any.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74893 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/ff53c139-e1c8-494e-a246-64d69f977ba2-836507-OybKpeTe-1024x705.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"705\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"272\">\u00a021.5% decrease in average stress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Again income in this dataset is categorized into groups, population having suffient income or hardly sufficient income. \u00a0people with insufficient income have 16.7% increase in average stress levels.<\/p>\n<p>1 \u2013 Hardly Sufficient 2 &#8211; Sufficient<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74894 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/86561dcf-f94b-4ca6-9291-a229f8890805-905208-jfJVyVpN-1024x730.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\"><\/p>\n<p>16.7% increase in average stress<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weekly meditation and time for passion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Weekly meditation and time for passion have a therupatic impact on stress levels. Based on the given data people who meditate 10 hours a week have 32.1% decrease in average stress levels. While many people may not have\u00a0 \u00a010 hours in a week for meditatation but looking at the graph we can say that even spending 1 to 3 hours may help lower stress significantly.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74895 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/a23f6094-1bf9-4afb-8fb9-413d5717c235-608224-sETVa9dk-1024x726.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"726\"><\/p>\n<p>32.1% decrease in average stress<\/p>\n<p>As per the survey questions, time for passion is described as the total number of hours people spend in a day doing something they like and are passionate about. Spending 1 to 3 hours in a day may\u00a0 help lower \u00a0stress levels though anytime spend more than 4 hours would not make much difference.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74896 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/eaf38bdd-dc6e-4714-8077-73a2713a875b-595370-1rYq6eCi-1024x722.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\"><\/p>\n<p>26.2% decrease in average stress<\/p>\n<p>And finally I created a\u00a0 heatmap, \u00a0to help identify \u00a0the highly coorelated variables. Each square\u00a0<strong>shows<\/strong>\u00a0the\u00a0<strong>correlation<\/strong>\u00a0between the variables on each axis, \u00a0the larger the number and darker the color the higher the\u00a0<strong>correlation<\/strong>\u00a0between the two. A positive or a negative number indicates a positive and negative correlation respectively.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-74890 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/06\/rupali-pahouja\/8e1ed9f8-fb3a-418a-b8ed-ee889fb15ac8-254338-kAT8RUHE.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1972\" height=\"1536\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upon analysis over 10 attributes\u00a0 in various dimensions we can conclude the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>Based on the given data BMI has the strongest positive correlation with stress (coefficient = 0.8)<\/li>\n<li>Weekly meditation and time for passion have the strongest negative correlation<span>\u00a0( coefficient= 0.21, 0.15) respectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>Balance is the key when it comes to social networking, having no social interaction or having too much may\u00a0 cause stress levels to increase.<\/li>\n<li>Hours of sleep, exercise and\u00a0 good nutrition can help lower stress reasonably.<\/li>\n<li>Correlation of stress with people supporting others or donating is not very significant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/nycdatascience.com\/blog\/student-works\/stress-causes-and-outcomes\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":8334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8333"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8333"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8333\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}