{"id":8062,"date":"2021-01-11T03:56:08","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T03:56:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/2021\/01\/11\/housing-features-that-bring-the-most-return-on-investment-in-ames-iowa\/"},"modified":"2021-01-11T03:56:08","modified_gmt":"2021-01-11T03:56:08","slug":"housing-features-that-bring-the-most-return-on-investment-in-ames-iowa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/2021\/01\/11\/housing-features-that-bring-the-most-return-on-investment-in-ames-iowa\/","title":{"rendered":"Housing features that bring the most return on investment in Ames, IOWA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><strong><em>Introduction<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re an investor looking to flip houses in Ames IOWA we will \u00a0evaluate the house features that will bring the most return on your investment. Our objective is to come up with real numbers for each recommended feature.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Our estimations are based on the housing data for the houses in Ames, IOWA sold for 2006-2010 (obtained from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/c\/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques\/data\">Kaggle<\/a>). We cleaned and prepared the data to build a good model with it. A good model is essential in our case as we are going to use it extensively in our prediction of a gain that a potential investor will incur from each \u00a0feature.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Data cleaning<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The data consists of 2,580 observations and 81 features. After vetting the data for duplicates we were left with a total of 2,579 houses. We examined the columns and had to dismiss a few that do not bring value to our study (&#8216;MiscFeature&#8217;, &#8216;Alley&#8217;) or could potentially skew the data (&#8216;PoolQC&#8217;). We inspected the dataset for multicollinearity &#8211; did not exclude any features in the result. We also carefully examined &#8216;SaleCondition&#8217; feature and eliminated any &#8216;abnormal&#8217; sales such as foreclosure etc. These sales account for 6% of total observations. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Feature Selection and Model Creation<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>We ran the prepared dataset through the multiple linear model. The data shows overfitting as the train and test data resulted in .95 and .93 R-squared respectively. To determine feature importance we used Lasso. It returned 15 features.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Lasso selected features and corresponding coefficients:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-125737-pm-958086-4lIJ4sLm-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-125737-pm-958086-4lIJ4sLm-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-125737-pm-958086-4lIJ4sLm.png 700w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"262\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-125737-pm-958086-4lIJ4sLm.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" class=\"wp-image-70305 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-125737-pm-958086-4lIJ4sLm.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70305\" width=\"262\" height=\"262\"><\/figure>\n<p>Next, we evaluated p-values and R-squared using Statmodels. With the features selected by Lasso the model returned .92 and .91 R-squared for its train and test set. We left only 7 features for our final model, which returned .92 for both train and test set:\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-11516-pm-088870-lu72DT8a-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-11516-pm-088870-lu72DT8a-600x296.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-11516-pm-088870-lu72DT8a-768x378.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-11516-pm-088870-lu72DT8a-1024x505.png 1024w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"256\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-11516-pm-088870-lu72DT8a-1024x505.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class=\"wp-image-70306 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-27-at-11516-pm-088870-lu72DT8a-1024x505.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70306\" width=\"519\" height=\"256\"><figcaption>The returned R-squared equals .92 for both train and test data. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em><strong>Feature Evaluation<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>With &#8216;Overall Quality&#8217; and &#8216;Overall Condition&#8217; being in our main set of features that need renovation, \u00a0we determined several additional features for evaluation: Kitchen Quality, Garage Finish, Exterior Finish, Basement,\u00a0Heating and Central Air . We used coefficients to determine the return on investment. For the evaluation technique\/method please refer to our <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hikarinosenshi\/ml_project\/tree\/main\/final\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><span><i>Kitchen Quality<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The initial EDA has shown that Kitchen renovation would contribute to the sale of the house the most. The graph below shows how Kitchen Improvement contributes to the value of the house both percentage wise and in dollar amount. The &#8216;Average&#8217; kitchen yields a 1.6% on the house. The &#8216;Good&#8217; kitchen brings in 3.8% and &#8216;Excellent&#8217; 8.7%. Also, please check the dollar amount on the y-axis.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-124116-pm-879848-FB1vgOsG-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-124116-pm-879848-FB1vgOsG-600x429.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-124116-pm-879848-FB1vgOsG-768x550.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-124116-pm-879848-FB1vgOsG-1024x733.png 1024w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"339\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-124116-pm-879848-FB1vgOsG-1024x733.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class=\"wp-image-70318 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-124116-pm-879848-FB1vgOsG-1024x733.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70318\" width=\"474\" height=\"339\"><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em>Garage Finish<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Garage Finish is the interior finish of a garage. Garage upgrade does not signify much difference in price. However there&#8217;s still significant difference in value of a house with &#8216;Finished&#8217; garage:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-10741-pm-178783-fVjTPOfn-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-10741-pm-178783-fVjTPOfn-600x430.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-10741-pm-178783-fVjTPOfn-768x551.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-10741-pm-178783-fVjTPOfn.png 943w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"476\" height=\"340\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-10741-pm-178783-fVjTPOfn.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" class=\"wp-image-70320 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-10741-pm-178783-fVjTPOfn.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70320\" width=\"476\" height=\"340\"><\/figure>\n<p><em><strong>Exterior Finish<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>We evaluated different finish material. The graph below shows our findings. If you redo your Plywood home and give it the Vinyl finish, you&#8217;ll have 4.2% return on your investment. However, we would recommend it only if the plywood on your home is in bad condition. It&#8217;s worthy mentioning that Vinyl brings better return than Metal Siding or Wood Siding.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-110253-am-961415-cIBe2BiZ-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-110253-am-961415-cIBe2BiZ-600x417.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-110253-am-961415-cIBe2BiZ-768x534.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-110253-am-961415-cIBe2BiZ.png 963w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"514\" height=\"356\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-110253-am-961415-cIBe2BiZ.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\" class=\"wp-image-70315 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-110253-am-961415-cIBe2BiZ.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70315\" width=\"514\" height=\"356\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p><em><strong>Basement<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>In case of Basement, prices drop when it comes to &#8220;Excellent&#8221; basement condition instead of going up. However, they do go up a little when we compare &#8220;Average&#8221; Basement with &#8220;Good&#8221; basement.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/01\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2021-01-06-at-94836-pm-497628-JpavQTjm-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/01\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2021-01-06-at-94836-pm-497628-JpavQTjm-600x444.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/01\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2021-01-06-at-94836-pm-497628-JpavQTjm-768x568.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/01\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2021-01-06-at-94836-pm-497628-JpavQTjm-1024x758.png 1024w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"350\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/01\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2021-01-06-at-94836-pm-497628-JpavQTjm-1024x758.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class=\"wp-image-70381 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2021\/01\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2021-01-06-at-94836-pm-497628-JpavQTjm-1024x758.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70381\" width=\"472\" height=\"350\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><em>Heating &amp; Central Air<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The initial EDA shows that most homes have heating at &#8216;Good&#8217; and higher.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111416-am-229337-4LjH0rdU-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111416-am-229337-4LjH0rdU-600x134.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111416-am-229337-4LjH0rdU-768x172.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111416-am-229337-4LjH0rdU-1024x229.png 1024w\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"229\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111416-am-229337-4LjH0rdU-1024x229.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class=\"wp-image-70316 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"229\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111416-am-229337-4LjH0rdU-1024x229.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70316\"><\/figure>\n<p>Therefore, we skipped our calculations on Heating as it&#8217;s cold in IOWA as it goes without saying that Heating is a certain return on investment.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Same with Central Air. 94% of the house have a good Central Air.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111624-am-640653-hv3MVynX-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111624-am-640653-hv3MVynX-600x134.png 600w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111624-am-640653-hv3MVynX-768x172.png 768w, https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111624-am-640653-hv3MVynX-1024x229.png 1024w\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"130\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111624-am-640653-hv3MVynX-1024x229.png\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class=\"wp-image-70317 lazyload\" src=\"image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nycdsa-blog-files.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/2020\/12\/khamanna-iskandarova\/screen-shot-2020-12-29-at-111624-am-640653-hv3MVynX-1024x229.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70317\" width=\"584\" height=\"130\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>https:\/\/nycdatascience.com\/blog\/student-works\/cosmetic-features-for-ames-iowa-housing\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":8063,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8062"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8062\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}