{"id":3886,"date":"2020-10-13T16:04:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T16:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-science.gotoauthority.com\/2020\/10\/13\/the-future-of-fake-news\/"},"modified":"2020-10-13T16:04:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T16:04:23","slug":"the-future-of-fake-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/2020\/10\/13\/the-future-of-fake-news\/","title":{"rendered":"The Future of Fake News"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

By Diego Lopez Yse<\/a>, Data Scientist<\/b><\/p>\n

\n\"Figure\"
<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Is Bitcoin the revolution against unequal economic systems, or a scam and money laundry mechanism? Will artificial intelligence (AI) improve and boost humankind, or terminate our species? These questions present incompatible scenarios, but you will find supporters for all of them. They cannot be all right, so who\u2019s wrong then?<\/p>\n

Ideas spread because they are attractive<\/strong>, whether they are good or bad, right or wrong. In fact, the \u201ctruth\u201d is just one of the elements used or avoided in order to build any story or idea. There are different interests behind any statement (e.g. economic or sentimental), and messages are issued and received with huge amounts of human bias.<\/p>\n

We\u2019re living in the age of fake news.\u00a0Fake news<\/strong>\u00a0consist of deliberate misinformation under the guise of being authentic news, spread via some communication channel, and produced with a particular objective like generating revenue, promoting or discrediting a public figure, a political movement, an organization, etc.<\/p>\n

During the 2018 national elections in\u00a0Brazil<\/strong>, WhatsApp was used to spread alarming amounts of misinformation, rumors and false news favoring\u00a0Jair Bolsonaro<\/em>. Using this technology,\u00a0it was possible to exploit encrypted personal conversations and chat groups<\/a>\u00a0involving up to 256 people, making these chat groups much harder to spot compared to the Facebook News Feed or Google\u2019s search results.<\/p>\n

Last year, the two main Indian political parties took these tactics to a new scale by\u00a0trying to influence India\u2019s 900 million eligible voters<\/a>\u00a0through creating content in Facebook and spreading it on WhatsApp (both parties have been accused of spreading false or misleading information, or misrepresentation online<\/a>).\u00a0India<\/strong>\u00a0is WhatsApp\u2019s largest market (more than 200 million Indians users), and a place where users forward more content than anywhere else in the world.<\/p>\n

But these tactics are not only used in the political arena: they are also involved in activities that go from\u00a0manipulating share prices<\/a>\u00a0to attacking commercial rivals with fake customer critics. How can fake news have such an impact? The answer is in the way humans process information.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Understanding is believing<\/h3>\n

\u00a0
Baruch Spinoza<\/em>\u00a0suggested that\u00a0all ideas are accepted\u00a0<\/strong>(i.e. represented in the mind as true)\u00a0prior to a rational analysis of their veracity, and that some ideas are subsequently unaccepted<\/strong>\u00a0(i.e. represented as false). In other words, the mental representation of a proposition or idea always has a truth value associated with it, and by default this value is true.<\/p>\n

The automatic acceptance of representations would seem evolutionarily prudent since\u00a0if we had to go around checking every percept all the time we\u2019d never get anything done<\/strong>. Understanding and believing is not a two-stage process that\u2019s independent of each other. Instead,\u00a0understanding is already believing.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

How the future looks like<\/h3>\n

\u00a0
Massive amounts of data gave birth to\u00a0AI systems<\/strong>\u00a0that are already producing human-like synthetic texts<\/a>, powering a new scale of disinformation operation. Based on\u00a0Natural Language Processing (NLP)<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0techniques, several lifelike text-generating systems have proliferated and they are becoming smarter every day. This year,\u00a0OpenAI<\/em><\/a>\u00a0announced\u00a0the launch of GPT-3<\/a>, a tool to produce text that is so real, that in some cases it\u2019s nearly impossible to distinguish from human writing. GPT-3 can also figure out how concepts relate to each other, and discern context. Tools like this one can be used to generate misinformation, spam, phishing, abuse of legal and governmental processes, and even fake academic essays.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Deepfakes<\/h3>\n

\u00a0
Deepfakes<\/strong>\u00a0relate to technologies that make it possible to create evidence of scenes that never happened through video, photo and audio fakes. These technologies can\u00a0enable bullying more generally<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(placing people into compromising scenarios),\u00a0boost scams\u00a0<\/strong>(swindling employees into sending money to fraudsters<\/a>),\u00a0damage a company\u2019s reputation<\/strong><\/a>, or even\u00a0pose a danger to democracies<\/strong>\u00a0by putting words in the mouths of politicians.<\/p>\n

\n\"Figure\"
<\/p>\n
\nFacial reenactment tech manipulates Putin in real time. Source:\u00a0
\nRT<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

But deepfakes have another impressive effect:\u00a0they\u00a0make it easier for liars to deny the truth<\/strong>\u00a0in two ways<\/a>. First, if accused of having said or done something that they did say or do, liars may generate and spread altered sound or images to create doubt. The second way is simply to denounce the authentic as being fake, a technique that becomes more plausible as the public becomes more educated about the threats posed by deep fakes.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

How can we fight this battle?<\/h3>\n

\u00a0
Arthur Schopenhauer<\/em>\u00a0believed that our knowledge of the world is confined to knowledge of\u00a0appearance rather than reality<\/strong>, and that\u2019s probably right nowadays too. In a world of appearances (being social media one of its icons), it seems nearly impossible to avoid being deceived. But there is always a way to resist.<\/p>\n

Fighting fake news is a double-edged sword<\/strong>: on the one side, warning news consumers and promoting tools so they can be aware and challenge the sources of information is a very positive thing, while on the other side, we may be producing news consumers that don\u2019t believe in the power of well-sourced news and mistrust everything. If we follow the latter path, we may achieve a general state of disorientation, with news consumers uninterested or unable to determine the credibility of any news source.<\/p>\n

We need technology to fight this battle<\/strong>. AI makes it possible to find words and patterns that indicate fake news in huge volumes of data, and tech companies are already working on it.\u00a0Google<\/strong>\u00a0is working on a system that can detect videos that have been altered,\u00a0making their datasets open source<\/a>\u00a0and encouraging others to develop deepfake detection methods.\u00a0YouTube<\/strong>\u00a0declared that it\u00a0won\u2019t allow election-related \u201cdeepfake\u201d videos and anything that aims to mislead viewers about voting procedures<\/a>\u00a0and how to participate in the 2020 census.<\/p>\n

\n\"Figure\"
<\/p>\n
\nA sample of videos from Google\u2019s contribution to the FaceForensics benchmark. Source:\u00a0
\nGoogle AI Blog<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

As data consumers, we have the conditions to fight back.\u00a0Daniel Gilbert<\/em>\u00a0is a social psychologist who found that\u00a0people do have the potential for resisting false ideas<\/a>, but this potential can only be realized when the person has\u00a0(a) logical ability, (b) a set of true beliefs to compare to new beliefs, and c) motivation and cognitive resources<\/strong>. This means that we can resist false ideas, but also that anyone who lacks any of these characteristics is an easy prey for fake news.<\/p>\n

\n

\nYour assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in a while, or the light won\u2019t come in. (Isaac Asimov)<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Interested in these topics? Follow me on\u00a0Linkedin<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0
Bio: Diego Lopez Yse<\/a><\/b> is an experienced professional with a solid international background acquired in different industries (capital markets, biotechnology, software, consultancy, government, agriculture). Always a team member. Skilled in Business Management, Analytics, Finance, Risk, Project Management and Commercial Operations. MS in Data Science and Corporate Finance.<\/p>\n

Original<\/a>. Reposted with permission.<\/p>\n

Related:<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/www.kdnuggets.com\/2020\/10\/future-fake-news.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":3887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3886"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3886\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wealthrevelation.com\/data-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}